Fundamental Analysis

Evaluate companies based on financial metrics and performance indicators

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Company Fundamentals

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Sector:
Industry:
Exchange:
Market Cap:
Current Price:
52-Week Range:
Valuation Metrics
P/E Ratio
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P/B Ratio
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EV/EBITDA
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Dividend Yield
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Performance Metrics
ROE
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ROA
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Profit Margin
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Debt/Equity
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Revenue - - - -
Gross Profit - - - -
Operating Income - - - -
Net Income - - - -
EPS - - - -
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Total Assets - - - -
Total Liabilities - - - -
Total Equity - - - -
Cash & Equivalents - - - -
Total Debt - - - -
Metric Current Year 1 Year Ago 2 Years Ago 3 Years Ago
Operating Cash Flow - - - -
Capital Expenditure - - - -
Free Cash Flow - - - -
Dividends Paid - - - -
Profitability Ratios
  • Gross Margin -
  • Operating Margin -
  • Net Profit Margin -
  • Return on Equity (ROE) -
  • Return on Assets (ROA) -
Growth Rates (YoY)
  • Revenue Growth -
  • Earnings Growth -
  • Dividend Growth -
Liquidity Ratios
  • Current Ratio -
  • Quick Ratio -
  • Cash Ratio -
Solvency Ratios
  • Debt-to-Equity -
  • Interest Coverage -
  • Debt-to-EBITDA -

Fundamental Analysis Guide

Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating a security by measuring its intrinsic value by examining related economic, financial, and other qualitative and quantitative factors. It attempts to study everything that can affect the security's value, including macroeconomic factors and company-specific factors.

By studying these factors, fundamental analysts aim to determine whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued, helping investors make informed decisions.

Income Statement

The income statement shows a company's revenues, expenses, and profits over a period. Key items to analyze include:

  • Revenue Growth: Consistent growth in revenue is generally positive
  • Gross Margin: Indicates the efficiency of the production process
  • Operating Margin: Shows operational efficiency
  • Net Profit Margin: Indicates how much of each dollar of revenue is converted to profit
Balance Sheet

The balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's assets, liabilities, and equity. Key areas to analyze:

  • Debt Levels: High debt can increase financial risk
  • Cash Positions: Strong cash reserves provide flexibility
  • Current Ratio: Measures short-term solvency
  • Asset Growth: Indicates company expansion
Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement shows how cash moves through a business. Key components to analyze:

  • Operating Cash Flow: Cash generated from core business operations
  • Free Cash Flow: Cash available after capital expenditures
  • Cash Flow Consistency: Stable or growing operating cash flows indicate quality earnings

Valuation Ratios
  • P/E Ratio: Price to Earnings - compares share price to earnings per share
  • P/B Ratio: Price to Book Value - compares market value to book value
  • P/S Ratio: Price to Sales - compares market cap to annual sales
  • EV/EBITDA: Enterprise Value to EBITDA - a comprehensive valuation metric
  • Dividend Yield: Annual dividends per share divided by share price
Profitability Ratios
  • ROE: Return on Equity - measures profitability relative to shareholders' equity
  • ROA: Return on Assets - measures profitability relative to total assets
  • ROIC: Return on Invested Capital - measures efficiency at allocating capital
  • Gross Margin: Gross profit as a percentage of revenue
  • Net Profit Margin: Net income as a percentage of revenue
Liquidity Ratios
  • Current Ratio: Current assets divided by current liabilities
  • Quick Ratio: Liquid assets divided by current liabilities
  • Cash Ratio: Cash and equivalents divided by current liabilities
Solvency Ratios
  • Debt-to-Equity: Total debt divided by shareholders' equity
  • Debt-to-Assets: Total debt divided by total assets
  • Interest Coverage Ratio: EBIT divided by interest expenses
  • Debt-to-EBITDA: Total debt divided by EBITDA - indicates debt repayment capacity
Growth Ratios
  • Revenue Growth Rate: Year-over-year percentage increase in revenue
  • Earnings Growth Rate: Year-over-year percentage increase in earnings
  • Dividend Growth Rate: Year-over-year percentage increase in dividends

Understanding the industry context is crucial for effective fundamental analysis:

  • Industry Growth Rate: Industries with higher growth rates may provide better investment opportunities
  • Competitive Landscape: Analyze market share, barriers to entry, and competitive advantages
  • Industry Lifecycle: Determine if the industry is emerging, growing, mature, or declining
  • Regulatory Environment: Understand how regulations impact the industry
  • Technology Disruption: Evaluate how technological changes might affect the industry

Companies should be compared to industry peers rather than the broader market to gain proper context for financial metrics.

Beyond numbers, these qualitative factors affect a company's value:

Company-Specific Factors
  • Management Quality: Experience, track record, and integrity of leadership
  • Business Model: Sustainability and scalability of the business model
  • Competitive Advantage: Moats that protect the business from competition
  • Brand Strength: Brand recognition and customer loyalty
  • Innovation Pipeline: R&D investments and new product development
External Factors
  • Economic Conditions: GDP growth, interest rates, inflation
  • Market Trends: Changing consumer preferences and behaviors
  • Geopolitical Events: Trade policies, political stability, regional conflicts
  • ESG Considerations: Environmental, social, and governance practices
  • Supply Chain Resilience: Ability to withstand disruptions

Educational Resources

Improve your fundamental analysis skills with these recommended resources:

Books
  • "Security Analysis" by Benjamin Graham
  • "Financial Statement Analysis" by Martin Fridson
  • "The Intelligent Investor" by Benjamin Graham
  • "Financial Shenanigans" by Howard Schilit
Online Courses
  • Coursera: Financial Markets by Yale University
  • Udemy: The Complete Financial Analyst Course
  • edX: Corporate Finance by Columbia University
  • Khan Academy: Accounting and Financial Statements
Websites & Tools
  • SEC EDGAR Database
  • Investopedia Fundamental Analysis Guides
  • Morningstar Investment Research
  • Yahoo Finance
  • FinViz Stock Screener

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